My recently started blog - need suggestions

[Picard]

I got 1.43 x 10e19 joules. That is 3.4 gigatons total.

EDIT: I left that section of phaser post on my blog empty until I check this.

If you want to see how it looks, check here.

[Picard]

This is my update to phaser page. I let "Inheritance" to rest.

Matter of time

In "A Matter of Time" Geordi cautions that it will be difficult to control the ship's phasers to within 0.06 Terawatts. That means that GCS phasers are at least in low terawatt range - possibly single to double digit. One terajoule is 1x10e12 J or 239 gigatons. Watt is joule per second. So calculate :-).

[Kor_Dahar_Master]

This is my update to phaser page. I let "Inheritance" to rest.

Matter of time

In "A Matter of Time" Geordi cautions that it will be difficult to control the ship's phasers to within 0.06 Terawatts. That means that GCS phasers are at least in low terawatt range - possibly single to double digit. One terajoule is 1x10e12 J or 239 gigatons. Watt is joule per second. So calculate :-).

Controlling the exact continual output to within 2 decimal points just shows that level of control to that margin is difficult it does not show high end figures when control is not needed.

[Mike DiCenso]

This is my update to phaser page. I let "Inheritance" to rest.

Matter of time

In "A Matter of Time" Geordi cautions that it will be difficult to control the ship's phasers to within 0.06 Terawatts. That means that GCS phasers are at least in low terawatt range - possibly single to double digit. One terajoule is 1x10e12 J or 239 gigatons. Watt is joule per second. So calculate :-).

How the heck did you get 239 gigatons from out of 1 x 10e12 joules? A gigaton is 4.184 × 1018 J or 1,000 megatons, or 4,181,000 terajoules.
-Mike

[Mr. Oragahn]

The setting doesn't matter.
What matters is the Phaser was capable of delivering enough power to vaporize that material in a very short time...

And then human skin is more durable than this alloy. :|

Proof?
-Mike

Proof is in the setting. Inferior setting by several degrees is enough to vaporize a quantity of a sheet of that alloy, if not a whole plate, but it is not a kill setting yet.
Ergo, humans are tougher than this alloy. Even more, water is tougher than this alloy.

[Mike DiCenso]

That does not hold to reason since this alloy's vapor point is only a few hundreds degress C below that required to bring iron or aluminium to their boiling points. That is almost certainly enough to char skin (which phasers have been observed doing to people as well as burning holes right through them) since human skin burns at 180 degrees C, and ignites around 900 ºC.
-Mike

[Mr. Oragahn]

That does not hold to reason since this alloy's vapor point is only a few hundreds degress C below that required to bring iron or aluminium to their boiling points. That is almost certainly enough to char skin (which phasers have been observed doing to people as well as burning holes right through them) since human skin burns at 180 degrees C, and ignites around 900 ºC.
-Mike

Let's see that sequence.

With three beams, fired for more than two seconds, they produce enough smoke to fill a large volume with gas so much that the punks can't see Riker's team flanking them while moving along the walls, beams and other crates within that not so large volume. The material was at ambient temperature btw.

It takes some kilojoules to put the survival of a human at risk with modern weapons. Tens to surely bring this same human to death.
What about iron?
Being as lazy as possible, I'm picking the vacuum related energy figure needed to vape one kilogram of iron from here.
7,845,085.6 J/kg.
Iron density while solid is 7.874 g/cm³.
I'm going to say that with ambient temp and the lower boiling point of noranium, we get a figure of about 7 e3 J/g.
Basically vaporizing one cubic centimeter already requires 55.118 KJ.

Now, with three beams firing over two seconds, more like 2.5 s, for the power of one beam, we're looking at something like 7.35 KW. And that should be setting seven?

Is it really possible that vaporizing one cubic centimeter of noranium could produce so much vapor to fill a large volume? Really?
The only way to make sense of that is to assume that the thing makes lots of vapor (and let's not forget that it kept smoking so clearly the reaction continued)... and that they vaped a very small quantity nonetheless... and that this material has a very low - perhaps even abnormal - heat of vaporization.

EDIT: a piece of comparison here.

H-S Precision HTR IDF Sniper Rifle

The IDF has finally began rolling out the new IDF Sniper Rifle. The H-S Precision HTR (Heavy Tactical Rifle) in .338 Lapua Magnum is being introduced to the IDF's snipers as a replacement for the IDF's current issue .50 Barett.

IDF HTR comes with a 20x Scope, a ten round box magazine, adjustable stock and cheek rest, monopod and bipod. The IDF HTR sports a camouflage teflon finish.The accessory picitinny rail is favorite feature in the IDF as it allows flexible customization via the addition of lots of accessories.

The .338 Lapua Magnum is considered an ideal military long-range anti-personnel cartridge. It fills the gap between weapons chambered for standard military rounds such as the 7.62x51mm NATO (.308 Winchester) and large, weighty rifles firing the .50 BMG cartridge. It also offers a tolerable amount of barrel wear, which is important to military snipers who tend to fire thousands of rounds in practice every year to acquire and maintain expert long-range marksmanship.

The .338 Lapua is a dual-purpose anti-personnel and anti-material round; however, its anti-materiel potential is limited, due to the bullet's lower kinetic energy compared with that of the .50 BMG's 35.64 to 55.08 gram (550 to 850 grain) projectiles. The loaded cartridge is 14.93 mm (0.5878 in) in diameter (rim) and 93.5 mm long. 338 Lapua can penetrate better-than-standard military body armour at ranges up to 1,000 metres (1,094 yd) and has a maximum effective range of about 1,750 metres (1,910 yd). Muzzle velocity is dependent on load and powder temperature and varies from 880 to 915 m/s (2,900 to 3,000 ft/s) for commercial loads with 16.2 gram (250 grain) bullets, which results in about 6525 joules (4813 ft·lbf) of muzzle energy.

That's paper stats (especially about true range) but we get a good idea of what it can do nonetheless.



I also watched the end of the episode, at the moment Riker arrives.
First Riker shoots at one punk and midly stuns him. Nothing really severe, it more or less makes the dude floppy, but he can stand up with some help.
Then blah blah blah, and the Yuta chick, the cutie, gets shot thrice.
There's two rows of green dots on the phaser display. There seems to be about eight dots per raw, which would be the setting levels, up to sixteen.
The two first shots hurt the girl in that they pain her, especially the second one, but somehow she doesn't drop to the floor. Perhaps she has been augmented, and Riker had no other choice than to really disintegrate her.
The third shot is done while all sixteen LEDs are on, and Yuta is NDF'd away.
We can count back. Third shot is fired at full. Sixtenss LEDs are on.
It was increased by four levels and beeps from the second shot. That one would have been at level 12.
If 10 kills, then 12 should have really put Yuta down.
The second shot was three beeps over the first one. Which I suppose would have been a stun. I didn't hear Riker fiddle with his settings after he stunned the other guy, so it seems the Acamarians naturally are tough in that their metabolism handles stun settings much better than humans.

[Picard]

This is my update to phaser page. I let "Inheritance" to rest.

Matter of time

In "A Matter of Time" Geordi cautions that it will be difficult to control the ship's phasers to within 0.06 Terawatts. That means that GCS phasers are at least in low terawatt range - possibly single to double digit. One terajoule is 1x10e12 J or 239 gigatons. Watt is joule per second. So calculate :-).

How the heck did you get 239 gigatons from out of 1 x 10e12 joules? A gigaton is 4.184 × 1018 J or 1,000 megatons, or 4,181,000 terajoules.
-Mike

Guess I was tired. Can anyone tell me which episodes give high-end GCS firepower (for phasers)?

[Picard]

http://picard578.blogspot.com/2010/08/s ... asers.html

I just redone my calculations for phaser firepower from episode "Masks". Got relatively high figure (when compared to Darkstar's 4.2 gigatons, my figure is huge - 25 gigatons), so I am afraid something is off again.

[Mr. Oragahn]

Here we have episode Q Who in which Enterprise D fires on Borg cube. Borg cube's hull is not solid, but is made of tritanium, so I will make calculations for solid iron.

Density of iron is 7870 kg/m^3. To vaporize 1 kilogram of iron, we need 7845085.6 joules per kilogram. Hole on far right is 215 meters in radius. So volume is 1/4 x 4/3 x pi x r^3 or 10 407 441.96 cubic meters. That gives us mass of 8.19 x 10e10 kg, with energy required to vaporize it being 6.42564 x 10e17 joules, or 154 megatons. Given that one shot lasted around 1 second, that is 642 564 terawatts, with absolutely no chain reaction. (Favourite warsie argument to claim lower firepower).

Do we know they didn't hit any power station or conduit?
We also notice that the beam destroys only a small fraction of that volume. It's obvious if you manage to stop the video in the first half of the 8th second: the beam is already gone, but most of the volume that will disappear is still there.
A reaction spreads. It's actually a very clear sign of NDF. We see most of the metal being eaten by a spreading orangey luminous effect.

I won't speak of Masks since I have already pointed out the flaws of the calcs I always get to see about this episode.

Other examples

In "Who Watches the Watchers" Riker considered a 4.2 Gigawatt generator sufficient to power "a small phaser bank".

Fits with the firepower of a phaser bank mounted on a small UFP ship, like a shuttle craft.

Also, here we have very interesting theory about phaser output, by Graham Kennedy.

His second scale is interesting. The Type VII corresponds to the first entry for phasers mounted on starships, likely phaser banks, and that would be small shuttlecrafts. The greater gigawatt figures scale well with what we see in DS9's 7th season episode "Treachery, Faith and the Great River". Jem'hadar attack ships are fairly large, so they'd have type-equivalent above 7, logically. Probably very close to a Galaxy-class type, which is 10. 8 to 9 would make them capable of shots from 0.1 to 1 TW, based on this scale.
His scale also appears to be low end.
We could easily multiply each range by fifty, if not five hundred. That would put the maximum firepower of a type II phaser at 5-50 MW, which is quite good in order to find plenty of energy to heat up or simply vaporize large volumes of rock.
A type X would come as 0.5-5 PW.

[Picard]

I am planning to do Die is Cast firepower estimates, so I would like you to check my work when I post it.

I also removed Q Who from phaser firepower estimates due to NDF.

[Picard]

I posted Die is Cast analysis. It is still incomplete, thought.

http://picard578.blogspot.com/2010/08/d ... power.html

[Mike DiCenso]

Is it really possible that vaporizing one cubic centimeter of noranium could produce so much vapor to fill a large volume? Really?

The only way to make sense of that is to assume that the thing makes lots of vapor (and let's not forget that it kept smoking so clearly the reaction continued)... and that they vaped a very small quantity nonetheless... and that this material has a very low - perhaps even abnormal - heat of vaporization.

First off, the vapor produced may not be so suprising as are a few other interesting things seen in the scene itself. The phasers each concentrated on specific, seperate target points on the boxes. It is hard to tell how thick the metal is, and the part of the box hit by the beams is out of view from the carmera's point of view. But it is safe to say that the combined amounts of material vaporized were considerably more than a centimeter, and not knowing the exact properties of the material in question, it might be like many compounds, like water that expand to fill a volume many times their previous size (as impressive as that smoke is go to a night club sometime with a fog machine that makes vapor out of just a few grams of fluid that will fill most of a room like that). Also interesting is that like aluminum and some other metals, this alloy burns when exposed to a high enough temperature, which is probably why Riker wanted to vaporize a portion of it to set of it at high temperature, and it keeps burning until the Brull put them out with the bucket. This suggests that the fire took up where the phasers left off and burned a considerable quantity more of the noraninum alloy, adding to the smoke, which is indeed what we see in the video.

As for settings and their effects, it is probable, that this is a low kill setting, and we know that this is certainly not anywhere near the 8,000 degree Centigrade temperatures that a hand phaser can heat objects up to. More importantly both "That which Survives" and "Vengence Factor" both are examples of phasers heating things up considerably. And if we needed more proof this, we certainly can go back to TNG's "Conspiracy" with Commander Remick's infamous exploding head scene at 6:20.
-Mike

[Mr. Oragahn]

Is it really possible that vaporizing one cubic centimeter of noranium could produce so much vapor to fill a large volume? Really?

The only way to make sense of that is to assume that the thing makes lots of vapor (and let's not forget that it kept smoking so clearly the reaction continued)... and that they vaped a very small quantity nonetheless... and that this material has a very low - perhaps even abnormal - heat of vaporization.

First off, the vapor produced may not be so suprising as are a few other interesting things seen in the scene itself. The phasers each concentrated on specific, seperate target points on the boxes. It is hard to tell how thick the metal is, and the part of the box hit by the beams is out of view from the carmera's point of view. But it is safe to say that the combined amounts of material vaporized were considerably more than a centimeter, and not knowing the exact properties of the material in question, it might be like many compounds, like water that expand to fill a volume many times their previous size (as impressive as that smoke is go to a night club sometime with a fog machine that makes vapor out of just a few grams of fluid that will fill most of a room like that). Also interesting is that like aluminum and some other metals, this alloy burns when exposed to a high enough temperature, which is probably why Riker wanted to vaporize a portion of it to set of it at high temperature, and it keeps burning until the Brull put them out with the bucket. This suggests that the fire took up where the phasers left off and burned a considerable quantity more of the noraninum alloy, adding to the smoke, which is indeed what we see in the video.

Yes, this material is capable of undergoing some form of combustion, at least for a moment (the phasers may have "charged" the materials a bit - whatever that means). Which is very useful actually, because it means they didn't need to vaporize much of it at all, only needing to trigger the combustion.
It's still a stun setting after all.
I'm surprised that there are so many settings below the kill level actually. It doesn't make much sense to me.
Or could stun start at, say, level 6 or 7, and then any level from 1 to 5 or 6 be about something else, entirely different from stun, kill or disintegrate?

As for settings and their effects, it is probable, that this is a low kill setting,...

If kill is setting 10, it can only be a stun setting, and one that's not even close to a taser level that could cause accidents for people who wear pacemakers for example.

... and we know that this is certainly not anywhere near the 8,000 degree Centigrade temperatures that a hand phaser can heat objects up to. More importantly both "That which Survives" and "Vengence Factor" both are examples of phasers heating things up considerably. And if we needed more proof this, we certainly can go back to TNG's "Conspiracy" with Commander Remick's infamous exploding head scene at 6:20.
-Mike

Eeeew, that one was gross... and awesome at the same time.
How did that pass ratings??

If we want to put a number on that... I don't know where to start. Beams just hit the thing on and on, until at some point it goes pop like if some barrier broke or something.
Exploding a head would probably be one order of magnitude above what a powerful sniper rifle can do at short range.
As for how the creature disappeared, it's NDF, but I didn't notice neither Riker nor Picard changing the settings on their weapons.
Is there a "nadion part per billion" threshold, or something similar to grays (the unit), that triggers NDF or something?

Crusher said that phasers should be set on kill mode, yet they have shown NDF properties. Should we assume that they increased the settings, while there was zero reason to do so?

Mind you, the charge and explode phenomenon reminds me of the Jemmie bugs blasting ice. Sometimes the beams just keep hitting the ice and do nothing until the ice asteroids pop!
It's like the disruptive effect the E-D achieved against the tough asteroid with its main dish.

[Mike DiCenso]

If we want to put a number on that... I don't know where to start. Beams just hit the thing on and on, until at some point it goes pop like if some barrier broke or something.
Exploding a head would probably be one order of magnitude above what a powerful sniper rifle can do at short range.

If you watch it in slow motion or find good quality screencaps, you can see what appears to be smoke or steam expanding rapidly from inside Remmick's head, again suggesting they super-heated his skull and brain.

As for how the creature disappeared, it's NDF, but I didn't notice neither Riker nor Picard changing the settings on their weapons.
Is there a "nadion part per billion" threshold, or something similar to grays (the unit), that triggers NDF or something?

No, the NDF doesn't exist, the creature burned it's way out of poor Remmick, which indicates it as the queen or whatever of the parasite creatures that was may have had some knd of light shield since it got burned away and adter it was gone there was a thick cloud of smoke coming from the hole in Remmick's torso where it was. What phasers may do on certain settings is given in TOS "A Taste of Armageddon" where the planetary defense disruptors effect on hitting the Enterprise is described in this scene:

DEPAUL: All stations reporting. Deflector screens rigged at full power. Phaser crews ready. Sensors reading zero. Correction. Mister Scott.

SCOTT: Yes, Mister DePaul?

DEPAUL: Sensor readings just shot off the scale.

SCOTT: Well, now. They're taking pot shots at us. Holding, Mister DePaul?

DEPAUL: Screens firm, sir. Extremely powerful sonic vibrations. Decibels eighteen to the twelfth power. If those screens weren't up, we'd be totally disrupted by now.

MCCOY: Well, I guess that answers our questions, Mister Scott. They're not very friendly, are they?

SCOTT: Aye, but what about our Captain and the landing party down there somewhere?

MCCOY: We get them out.

SCOTT: If they're alive, and if we can find them. That's a big planet.

An energy waveform that when it hits it's target shakes it up like a sonic vibration. As JMS pointed out once a while back, it takes a ridiculous amount of power to do that at those decibels.
-Mike