While I can't claim to remember a whole lot about it, nor do I have a vast amount of tech info, a feedback I received reminded me of the British show Blake's 7, an ep or two I saw back in the day.
In it, we follow the adventures of a group of rebels fighting against the totalitarian Terran Federation aboard an ultra-advanced alien starship, the captured "Deep Space Vehicle 2", known as the Liberator. Man has been in space for at least 700 years by this point, given the age of the possibly-sublight Earth vessel K47 ("Killer").
Here's some additional data from Wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blake's_7
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terran_Fed ... Blake's_7)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberator_(Blake's_7)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergalac ... Blake's_7)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scorpio_(Blake's_7)
Let's look at your criteria, and my surmises and guesses about the Federation:
- Loses to the Empire of Star Wars in individual space vessel combat.
I'm not 100% certain of this, but it follows from various details I've found.
Liberator, for instance, featured rarely-used, power-intensive "force wall" shielding . . . her primary defense was a "herculanium" hull armor that was much more advanced than whatever the Federation's pursuing warships employed for armor. It's said the Liberator could withstand the assault of several warships, though she also ran like hell with heavy damage from twenty of them.
(As a rule of thumb, armor just isn't the way to go for primary defense, at least in the mindset of Trek and Wars. While one can ponder forms of armor based on exotic technobabble elements or exotic materials like neutronium, I'm unaware of anything of the sort in Blake's 7. Thus I imagine something along the lines of Babylon 5 or Battlestar Galactica sorts of armoring.)
Liberator and the
Federation pursuit ships both featured plasma bolt weaponry, and so far as I know were limited to STL combat (with FTL drive being noted as a part of different escapes).
Liberator featured a powerful neutron blast cannon (requiring some sort of internal radiation shielding to be used when fired) not seen in use by Federation warships, and which was capable of destroying opponents utterly in a single hit. Assuming the opponents referred to were Federation ships (which would be the norm for the series), then we have a vague sense of what it takes to destroy them.
I'm not sure how a neutron beam is supposed to destroy a ship . . . as a rule, we would expect a neutron beam to be a people-killer leaving a ship intact . . . but whatever. It's possible either that the weapon is really doing something other than what its name suggests (i.e. photon torpedo, SW lasers), or that it detonates important things on the ship like power systems or nuclear weapons (if present).
- Loses to Empire in strategic space warfare overall.
While I don't know the FTL speeds of Blake's 7 . . . there are suggestions that they are truly galaxy-wide unlike SW, with their entire fleet reaching a point outside the galaxy within hours. However, prison transports like the London from the first episode would take months to go to another star at unspecified location. the Federation was able to only barely repulse an attack by some 600 starships from the Andromeda galaxy, which largely occurred off-screen between seasons 2 and 3.
The strength of the
Andromedan ships is less than clear. They were clearly concerned with Federation defenses given the maneuvers they had to engage in to try to disable them, but at the same time the second season cliffhanger involved the Liberator, fighting alongside the Federation against extragalactic attack, being stuck trying to hold the line against a gap in Federation defenses for an hour before Federation reinforcements could arrive. The third season opener features the Liberator shown as heavily damaged, with the war having been won at the cost of 80% of the Federation military (or at least navy).
Assuming the Andromedans were not completely retarded, then their invasion force must've expected to
at least manage to take and hold a beachhead in the Milky Way pending reinforcement. In other words, while the fleet might not've been able to conquer the galaxy's worlds itself, it at least had to be able to hold off the Federation. They had inside info thanks to anti-Federation, anti-humanity traitors, and thus we can assume they thought they had a realistic shot of it.
Similarly, the Liberator was hoped to hold the line for an hour. While this was more or less a suicide mission a la Kor in "Once More Unto the Breach", the notion that the Liberator could destroy even one Andromedan ship suggests that the Andromedan fleet wasn't composed of uber-assbeaters, but that there was something within an order of magnitude of technological parity. (Ah . . . having found transcripts, it appears that the defense gap that the Andromedans had to come through limited the number of ships that could come through at once in some way, so Liberator wasn't actually fighting 600 ships at once.)
If I were to guess, based on the fact that Liberator can withstand attacks from several Federation warships and that Liberator can also kill at least one Andromedan with damage, I would say that the Federation battlefleet was probably in the 3600 ship range (giving them 6-to-1 outnumbering of the Andromedans, albeit with near-parity of strength).
That's largely guesswork, and more research could provide more detail.
- Is able to provide technological and tactical surprises for the Empire - in space.
"Detector shields" . . . a sort of stealth device rendering the ship invisible to sensors but viewable in short-range . . . was available to the Liberator, and the Federation made use of something similar later in the series when they tried to sneak up on and destroy the Liberator.
Given the weaknesses of SW sensor tech, it's entirely likely that such a system would hide Federation warships until they were within striking range.
Given a scene of the Liberator facing down the Andromedan fleet, however, I'd guess that Federation weapons range is no greater than Imperial weapons range . . . i.e. crap.
However, Liberator and the later ship Scorpio featured matter teleporter technology. In the case of Liberator this was of the alien design, but Scorpio's was apparently home-grown by a human scavenger dude, and completed by Avon with some sort of crystal thingy.
The Federation had been working on the technology to transport living material, though they had not yet perfected it by the time of Liberator's activities. However, given that a scavenger made an almost-complete one there's little reason to think the Federation wouldn't have it by the time of the end of the series.
In any event, the living material trans . . . er, teleporter . . . thing suggests that the Federation has dead-matter teleporters, meaning that transporter-wise they're on par with 2150-ish Earth . . . which is still way ahead of SW.
In short, then, the Federation could theoretically beam things onto or off of SW ships . . . even people if they didn't care how they arrived. ;)
- Can handily defeat the Clone Army of the Republic in a battle of even numbers of troops (assuming normal order of battle [TO&E] for respective factions) in which no space assets are involved.
We hear of "gunships" for Federation ground stuff, though capabilities are unknown. There's something about them putting down a massive rebellion on a planet, but details aren't clear. As with Trek pre-DS9, not much is known about their ground capability.
Some general info from
http://www.hermit.org/Blakes7/SevenCyc/F.html:
"The population on Earth was shown to be dosed with suppressants, but such measures were not seen again until Commissioner Sleer initiated her Pacification Programme in the 4th Season. Various sanctioned atrocities were referred to: Hal Mellanby's supporters were wiped out after their surrender, half the population of Saurian Major was butchered, and the same fate may well have befallen the people of Agrava if a series of accidental explosions had not occurred. The dissidents at Bran Foster's meeting in The Way Back were massacred despite offering no resistance to the security forces, and dissidents from Blake's earlier revolutionary period were executed. Slavery was referred to a number of times, with Rashel being a "bond-slave", mention made of Maryatt's family becoming slaves after his "desertion" and Servalan's threat to send Travis to "the slave pits of Ursa Prime". Non-Terran peoples were used as slave labour on UP-Project Avalon and Horizon. Annexation of new colonies was shown to be by dubious means in Blake's description of the Lindor Strategy. Once annexed, planets could be retained by outright terrorism, as with the solium radiation device on Albian."
(That device was basically a big radiation bomb that would kill everyone on the planet if there were too many problems there.)
"The Federation's slogan appeared to be "From Strength to Unity""
At least one primary faction is able to field more than 3 million combat troops in a war.
Continuing the above, we know they have significant assets, but we also know that Federation populations are treated with mind-control drugs and whatnot, which would either:
A. Limit the troop counts required
or
B. Mean that they could have as many soldiers as they have people, within reason, and assuming they could arm them.
But, given the nature of the Federation, I rather doubt that they have but few troops. Federation soldiers are seen as black-clad, helmet-wearing, jack-booted blaster-toting stormtrooper-esque dudes.
Given the evolution from Earth norms, I feel confident that they could field enough soldiers, and would probably enjoy near-parity with Imperial stormtroopers.
Worth the while of the Empire to attempt conquering upon discovery in a shared galaxy.
I would say so.
Has serious (and sophisticated) political operators of the frequently troublesome variety.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servalan
. . . basically the Federation is run by Intendant Kira.