Minimum and Maximum Weapon Range For Star Trek

[Lucky]

SISKO: Attack pattern omega four. Full impulse power. Hold your fire until we're within five hundred metres. 

KIRA: We might get pretty singed at that range. 

SISKO: Not as singed as they're going to get. Engage. 

DAX: Fifty thousand metres and closing. Two thousand metres. Five hundred! 

SISKO: Fire!

LAFORGE: No, sir. Torsional stress levels point to a disrupter-style weapon. 

DATA: Fracture points indicate that the energy burst came from a range of less than three thousand metres. 

PICARD: But that's a strategy consistent with a cloaked vessel. Romulan. Or Klingon. But we're quite a distance from either of their territories.

KLINGON CAPTAIN: (In Klingonese) Tactical.

(the battle cruisers overfly the Cloud)

KLINGON CAPTAIN: (In Klingonese) Visual.

(the Cloud on the viewscreen)

KLINGON CAPTAIN: (In Klingonese) Tactical. Stand by on torpedoes. ...Ready. ...Fire!

(the battle cruisers fire photon torpedoes at the Cloud)

KLINGON CAPTAIN: (In Klingonese) Evasive!

-----

BRANCH (on viewer): Enterprise, the Cloud is definitely a power field of some kind. Measures, my God, over two A.U.'s in diameter. Must be something incredible inside there generating it. We're transmitting linguacode friendship messages on all frequencies. No response.

What does this tell us about the ships and weapons?

[theta_pinch]

You forgot this one from "The Changeling":

"SPOCK: Unknown, Captain. Nothing within sensor range. (a third bolt approaching) Something now, Captain. Very small. Bearing one two three degrees, mark one eight. Range ninety thousand kilometres.
KIRK: That's our target, Mister Sulu. Prepare photon torpedo.
(The third bolt hits)
SCOTT: Shields still holding, sir, but the drain on the engines is reaching the critical point. Ach, we lost warp manoeuvreing power. Switching to impulse.
SULU: Photon torpedoes armed, sir.
KIRK: Has the target changed location, Mister Spock?
SPOCK: No, sir. Holding steady.
KIRK: Ready photon torpedo number two, Mister Sulu.
SULU: Ready, sir.
KIRK: Fire.
SULU: Torpedo away. (a pause, then a flash) Direct hit.

KIRK: To unidentified vessel. This is Captain James Kirk of the USS Enterprise. We are on a peaceful mission. We mean no harm to you or any lifeforms. Please communicate with us. Any further readings, Mister Spock?
SPOCK: Computing now, Captain. Weight, five hundred kilograms. Shape, roughly cylindrical. Length, a fraction over one metre.

So the USS Enterprise from the 23rd century hit a one meter object from 90,000 kilometers away while performing evasive maneuvers.

[2046]

Welcome Theta.

I assume you are aware of this page, which has that example plus some more:

http://st-v-sw.net/STSW-WeaponRange-Trek.html